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Latvia sees high rates of obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption. In turn, this results in a high incidence of preventable diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes and many cancers. This puts a burden on a health system which is already operating on a very tight budget as compared to other OECD countries.

Public health

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Focusing on the period from independence in 1948 to the millennium this book is an historical analysis of the process by which Sri Lanka became a model of how a nation with limited resources could nevertheless achieve health indicators on a par with the developed world through the development of a primary healthcare system. In so doing it had to interact and negotiate with global health actors such as the World Health Organization while maintaining its own agency. Based on a close reading of original archival sources it is an in-depth exploration of these questions viewed through a series of case studies which highlight both the successes which contributed to this outcome and the inadequacies of those efforts when seen at the micro level. A primary health care infrastructure is an essential prerequisite for the delivery of preventive health care; how this was developed and delivered to the entire population forms the first substantive chapter. Since the incidence of tuberculosis in a community serves as a marker of a country's achievement in meeting basic needs and establishing social justice there follows an examination of policies to control TB. The most vulnerable group in a nation are its children and they are also the source of a nation's future human capital. Two chapters discuss children's health; firstly the problem of childhood malnutrition and secondly the implementation of the successful immunization programme. Demographic change means a double disease burden of non-communicable diseases alongside communicable diseases and how this considerable challenge is met is the subject of the last chapter. Furthermore these topics enable a discussion of the significance and problems of an international policy transfer to less well-resourced environments.

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Au cœur de l'actualité et des préoccupations des politiques, des citoyens et des chercheurs, la santé publique semble souvent complexe tant elle mobilise de disciplines diverses. S'appuyant sur de nombreuses illustrations concrètes, ce manuel dresse un large panorama des savoirs académiques et professionnels en santé publique, ainsi que des enjeux et défis à relever. En une vingtaine de chapitres, il permet de développer ses connaissances sur des notions fondamentales en épidémiologie, économie de la santé, protection sociale, organisation des systèmes de santé. Les régulations financière, juridique, administrative, mais aussi démocratique y sont décrites et analysées, en France, en Europe ou à l'échelle internationale. Les questions nouvelles de santé publique comme la e-santé, les effets de la mondialisation sur la santé ou les menaces imprévues ou méconnues, sont également présentées, en s'appuyant sur les situations les plus récentes telle la pandémie à Covid-19. ? Destiné aux candidats aux concours sanitaires et sociaux (EHESP, agrégation en sciences médico-sociales…), aux étudiants de l'Université et internes en médecine se spécialisant en santé publique, cet ouvrage intéressera toutes celles et ceux qui souhaitent s'écarter d'une attitude simpliste à l'égard d'un sujet qui nous concerne tous : notre santé.

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Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) has so far avoided a major health crisis but has not been immune from the global economic downturn. The COVID-19 (Coronavirus) induced economic downturn has affected Lao PDR through multiple channels including tourism, trade, investment, commodity prices, exchange rates, and lower remittances. This report presents a range of growth estimates for 2020 under two scenarios. These scenarios reflect different assumptions regarding: (i) the duration and depth of outbreaks and lockdown in Lao PDR, (ii) the magnitude and effectiveness of economic relief policies, and (iii) the depth and duration of the global downturn. The COVID-19 shock has further aggravated the long-standing structural vulnerabilities in the economy. The country has a legacy of weak macroeconomic management, resulting in limited fiscal and foreign currency buffers even before the global pandemic. Limited fiscal space and the mounting pressure of deficit financing and debt servicing will limit the ability of the Government of Lao PDR (GoL) to stimulate the economy, exacerbating the downturn.

Public health.

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Focusing on the period from independence in 1948 to the millennium this book is an historical analysis of the process by which Sri Lanka became a model of how a nation with limited resources could nevertheless achieve health indicators on a par with the developed world through the development of a primary healthcare system. In so doing it had to interact and negotiate with global health actors such as the World Health Organization while maintaining its own agency. Based on a close reading of original archival sources it is an in-depth exploration of these questions viewed through a series of case studies which highlight both the successes which contributed to this outcome and the inadequacies of those efforts when seen at the micro level. A primary health care infrastructure is an essential prerequisite for the delivery of preventive health care; how this was developed and delivered to the entire population forms the first substantive chapter. Since the incidence of tuberculosis in a community serves as a marker of a country's achievement in meeting basic needs and establishing social justice there follows an examination of policies to control TB. The most vulnerable group in a nation are its children and they are also the source of a nation's future human capital. Two chapters discuss children's health; firstly the problem of childhood malnutrition and secondly the implementation of the successful immunization programme. Demographic change means a double disease burden of non-communicable diseases alongside communicable diseases and how this considerable challenge is met is the subject of the last chapter. Furthermore these topics enable a discussion of the significance and problems of an international policy transfer to less well-resourced environments.

Public health